What is the name of the cryptographic service for maintaining hardware security modules in AWS?

AWS CloudHSM is the correct answer as it specifically provides a managed hardware security module (HSM) service that enables customers to generate and use their own encryption keys on the AWS Cloud. This service allows organizations to maintain control over their cryptographic keys and perform cryptographic operations using hardware security modules that comply with industry standards.

CloudHSM is particularly valuable for applications that require sensitive data protection while also ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements for key management. Users can integrate CloudHSM with their existing applications to achieve secure key storage while benefiting from the scalability and reliability of the AWS infrastructure.

In contrast, while AWS Key Management Service (KMS) is also involved in key management and encryption, it operates in a different manner by providing a fully managed service for creating and controlling encryption keys without directly involving hardware security modules. AWS Secrets Manager is used for managing sensitive information such as API keys and passwords, and AWS Shield is a managed DDoS protection service. Therefore, these services do not offer the same capabilities for managing hardware security modules as AWS CloudHSM does.